The history of administration goes way back to ancient China and Greece.
Although, not many records have been preserved, we can definitely tell
that running these empires and city states took a lot of managerial
planning.
The Roman Empire was also a tough nut to crack. They
implemented a hierarchical system where the authority is divided between
privileged individuals.
In the years of 1400 to 1500, Venice had
already many holding companies, partnerships, trusts, etc. They have
introduced a double-entry book-keeping system to manage their
businesses.
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The principles of management - which
are also relevant today - were also introduced by Sir Thomas More and
Niccolo Machiavelli; much later, Charles Babbage suggested using math to
operate factories.
The Scientific movement
From the
beginning of the 20th century, managers were forced to admit that the
way they were administrating their businesses was inefficient, and tried
to find a solution to this problem.
F W Taylor has pointed out
that uneducated people will expect too much from the new managerial
techniques and confuse them with aims. He suggested that each worker
should have a clearly defined, daily task; for each completed task a
worker should be properly rewarded; tools need to be provided to make
the job easier.
H L Gantt has put a lot of effort to promote
creating the perfect environment for the workers. In his mind, employees
needed to have a goal, proper training. Also, he suggested using charts
to make people understand how their work is interrelated (so that the
workers always remember what and why they are doing).
There were other people who have wrote many books and papers on this topic, but in essence they all agree that:
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